Friday 10 May 2013

'The Highwayman', Alfred Noyes

PART ONE

I

THE wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees,
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
And the highwayman came riding—
Riding—riding—
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door.

II

He'd a French cocked-hat on his forehead, a bunch of lace at his chin,
A coat of the claret velvet, and breeches of brown doe-skin;
They fitted with never a wrinkle: his boots were up to the thigh!
And he rode with a jewelled twinkle,
His pistol butts a-twinkle,
His rapier hilt a-twinkle, under the jewelled sky.

III

Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard,
And he tapped with his whip on the shutters, but all was locked and barred;
He whistled a tune to the window, and who should be waiting there
But the landlord's black-eyed daughter,
Bess, the landlord's daughter,
Plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair.

IV

And dark in the dark old inn-yard a stable-wicket creaked
Where Tim the ostler listened; his face was white and peaked;
His eyes were hollows of madness, his hair like mouldy hay,
But he loved the landlord's daughter,
The landlord's red-lipped daughter,
Dumb as a dog he listened, and he heard the robber say—

V

'One kiss, my bonny sweetheart, I'm after a prize to-night,
But I shall be back with the yellow gold before the morning light;
Yet, if they press me sharply, and harry me through the day,
Then look for me by moonlight,
Watch for me by moonlight,
I'll come to thee by moonlight, though hell should bar the way.'

VI

He rose upright in the stirrups; he scarce could reach her hand,
But she loosened her hair i' the casement! His face burnt like a brand
As the black cascade of perfume came tumbling over his breast;
And he kissed its waves in the moonlight,
(Oh, sweet, black waves in the moonlight!)
Then he tugged at his rein in the moonliglt, and galloped away to the West.



PART TWO

I

He did not come in the dawning; he did not come at noon;
And out o' the tawny sunset, before the rise o' the moon,
When the road was a gypsy's ribbon, looping the purple moor,
A red-coat troop came marching—
Marching—marching—
King George's men came matching, up to the old inn-door.

II

They said no word to the landlord, they drank his ale instead,
But they gagged his daughter and bound her to the foot of her narrow bed;
Two of them knelt at her casement, with muskets at their side!
There was death at every window;
And hell at one dark window;
For Bess could see, through her casement, the road that he would ride.

III

They had tied her up to attention, with many a sniggering jest;
They had bound a musket beside her, with the barrel beneath her breast!
'Now, keep good watch!' and they kissed her.
She heard the dead man say—
Look for me by moonlight;
Watch for me by moonlight;
I'll come to thee by moonlight, though hell should bar the way!

IV

She twisted her hands behind her; but all the knots held good!
She writhed her hands till her fingers were wet with sweat or blood!
They stretched and strained in the darkness, and the hours crawled by like years,
Till, now, on the stroke of midnight,
Cold, on the stroke of midnight,
The tip of one finger touched it! The trigger at least was hers!

V

The tip of one finger touched it; she strove no more for the rest!
Up, she stood up to attention, with the barrel beneath her breast,
She would not risk their hearing; she would not strive again;
For the road lay bare in the moonlight;
Blank and bare in the moonlight;
And the blood of her veins in the moonlight throbbed to her love's refrain .

VI

Tlot-tlot; tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse-hoofs ringing clear;
Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot, in the distance? Were they deaf that they did not hear?
Down the ribbon of moonlight, over the brow of the hill,
The highwayman came riding,
Riding, riding!
The red-coats looked to their priming! She stood up, straight and still!

VII

Tlot-tlot, in the frosty silence! Tlot-tlot, in the echoing night!
Nearer he came and nearer! Her face was like a light!
Her eyes grew wide for a moment; she drew one last deep breath,
Then her finger moved in the moonlight,
Her musket shattered the moonlight,
Shattered her breast in the moonlight and warned him—with her death.

VIII

He turned; he spurred to the West; he did not know who stood
Bowed, with her head o'er the musket, drenched with her own red blood!
Not till the dawn he heard it, his face grew grey to hear
How Bess, the landlord's daughter,
The landlord's black-eyed daughter,
Had watched for her love in the moonlight, and died in the darkness there.

IX

Back, he spurred like a madman, shrieking a curse to the sky,
With the white road smoking behind him and his rapier brandished high!
Blood-red were his spurs i' the golden noon; wine-red was his velvet coat,
When they shot him down on the highway,
Down like a dog on the highway,
And he lay in his blood on the highway, with the bunch of lace at his throat.

X

And still of a winter's night, they say, when the wind is in the trees,
When the moon is a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
When the road is a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
A highwayman comes riding—
Riding—riding—
A highwayman comes riding, up to the old inn-door.

XI

Over the cobbles he clatters and clangs in the dark inn-yard;
He taps with his whip on the shutters, but all is locked and barred;
He whistles a tune to the window, and who should be waiting there
But the landlord's black-eyed daughter,
Bess, the landlord's daughter,
Plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair.

6 comments:

  1. The repetition of the verbs "riding-riding-riding" almost sounds like the galloping of the horse, and also shows the continuity of the riding - this is clearly not a short journey, but a very long one. Secondly, after each stanza there is a full stop. The full stops signify that what happened has happens, and there is no changing the past. It represents the finality of the previous actions, building tension as there is no going back.

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  2. The repetition of the first and third stanzas at the end of the poem could be a metaphor for the continuity and endlessness of death and how it is a mere shadow of the life that was lived out before. The poem in general seems to be taking a stand against the harshness and coldness of authority, because all of the soldiers failed to recognise and appreciate the sacrifice made by Bess for her lover. It could also be taking a stand against unfair deaths, because at the end the highwayman and Bess are able to be together, despite the soldiers' and Tim the ostler's attempts to stop them

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  3. Throughout the poem alot of onomatopoeia is used 'gusty trees''tlot-tlot'this adds to the tension of the poem as the reader waits with Bess for the highwayman to return. It lenghthens out the time and exagerates how long she waited and the impatience of the silence. The repitition of riding used in stanzas I, VI and X shows the length of time that the two had been separated and it shows how the nights had drawn themselves out and it shows the timlesness of their love. The repitition is also in poignant places such as the start showing the buildup of tension starting and at the end it contains some tension still as it seems to be cyclical as it is the story of their love and the timlesness of their love. The repitition of riding at the end contains an element of regret and greif as the reader knows that they both are dead and also the regret that both the highwayman and bess felt as he rode away. In a similar way the reptition of marching in stanza I part 2 exagerates and reveals the way in which the soldiers seemed to take a long time to Bess as she waited for the highwayman and it creates a sense of tension to the readers and of element of danger.

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  4. Alfred Noyes uses colour such as red and black in his poem "The Highwayman" to create a sense of approaching death and tension. The colour red is used in association with Bess, "Dark Red love-knot...black hair", "Red-lipped". The use of this creates an ominous atmosphere as it creates tension for the audience as they wait for Bess and the Highwayman's deaths. Red connotates danger, death and blood which is spilt by Bess and the highwayman. The colour black is used in association with Bess again, "Black eyes" and "Black hair". This suggests to the audience that Bess is mysterious as black often connotates the unknown. (e.g black holes which nobody really understands)

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  5. Much repetition has been used throughout this poem helping key aspects, such as how the highway man is travelling around on a horseback at night, really stand out. As well as this the repetition seems to add a slight rhythm to the poem making the continued description of some actions come alive. Each stanza seems to represent the important stages of the highway man's journey and the final lines in each stanza seems to contain a cliff hanger. This ensures that the reader will want to carry on and also results in an ongoing flow throughout the poem. This poem could be taking a stand against deaths which shouldn't have taken place. After all of the action the highwayman and his loved one are not able to be together which he is not very happy about. His love for this girl is clearly portrayed through his hatred in stanza nine, part two. Also it is portrayed in the last stanza as it is a repeat of the third stanza in part one. This has been written a long time before the death actually happened.

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  6. The continuos use of the word 'riding-riding-riding' suggests that it is a very long journey and also indicates a long period of time in general such as the long period of time the two have been separated for. The writer is very descriptive when it comes to speaking about his lost love. Alfred Noyes uses the colours red and black, perhaps red symbolises blood and black symbolises darkness. He is in darkness because he is not with the one he loves and that puts him in a dark place, 'and died in darkness there'. 'The black-eyed daughter', there is constant use of the word black which symbolises darkness, this in a sense foreshadows Noyes life because he is in darkness and remains there because he is not with the one he loves.

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